George Essay Example For Students

George Essay George Washington George Washington is most popular as the Father of our Country. He caredfor this nation much like a parent would think about a youngster. During hispresidency, he tackled numerous essential issues. His accomplishments prompted ademocratic, brilliant nation we like to call The United States of America. In spite of the fact that hes not thought of as spectacular, George Washington is lookeduponwith the most extreme regard and wonderment by all nations of the world. GeorgeWashington was conceived in Westmoreland County, Virginia on February 22, 2. Virginia was frightened when a French undertaking from Canada establishedpostson the headwaters of the Ohio River. Strife over this region eventuallyeruptedinto the French and Indian War, wherein Washington played a significant militaryrole that built up his notoriety for being an administrator. In the fall of 1758 theFrench were vanquished. In 1759 he wedded Martha Dandridge Custis, awealthyyoung widow. Washington developed into a strong individual from Virginia society. From 1759 to 1774 he served in the House of Burgesses. By 1774Washingtonhad become a key supporter of the provincial reason. That equivalent year he waselected to the First Continental Congress. In 1775 the Second ContinentalCongress chose Washington president of its military. In JulyWashington showed up in Massachusetts, where the fights at Lexington andConcord had been battled. The British pulled back a large portion of their soldiers towinterin New York City, leaving dissipated battalions of German hired fighters in NewJersey. On December 25 Washington drove his little armed force across theice-cloggedDelaware, effectively assaulted a battalion at Trenton, and re-crossed theDelaware without obstruction. In January 1777 close to Princeton, he defeatedthree British regiments walking to strengthen General Charles Cornwallis. TheBritish in the long run gave up. After the triumph, Washington dismissed a plan,which had support in the military, of building up a government with himself inquiring. branches ought to have a huge hole between them. He additionally accepted that thepresident ought not impact Congress in the death of laws. Nonetheless, ifhedoes not concur with a specific bill, he has the intensity of vetoing it. He viewedtheresponsibilities of the president generally as controlling the laws of Congressand administering relations with different nations. Washington had set animportantprecedent when he accomplished the ability to select and excuse his owndepartment heads. Without this model, Congress could sneak behind thePresidents authority and permit undesirable division heads to remain in officeagainst the Presidents wishes. Washington was euphoric about shaping hiscabinet, and he and his consultants acted with remarkable vitality. Washingtonwas well prepared for crafted by building a structure of organization. Hehad an ability for combining his arrangements and activities to get sufficient outcomes. To start with, he procured the fundamental realities, which he weighed cautiously. Once hehad arrived at a choice, he did it with imperativeness and relentlessness. He wasnever sluggish in settling on choices for his nation. He generally acted speedily anddecisively. Exhaustive, efficient, precise, and, being mindful to detail alsodescribed his character. He anticipated a similar excitement from each oneinhis organization. On September 24, 1789, Washington passed The JudiciaryAct, which set up a government court framework. Its fundamental highlights were given forby the Constitution. Since the president is viewed as the central implementer offederal laws, it is his obligation to indict cases under the watchful eye of the government courts. In thiswork his operator is the lawyer general. The Judiciary Act of 1789 arranged sowell, that the greater part of its fundamental highlights have made due until today. Washingtonbelieved emphatically in the sacred interest that the official, legi slative,andjudicial parts of the administration ought to be kept as isolated as could reasonably be expected. .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 , .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 .postImageUrl , .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 , .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407:hover , .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407:visited , .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407:active { border:0!important; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407:active , .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407:hover { obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9d368 06b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9d36806b647e7e1e0efbc48f858c4407:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Spirit Of Yeats EssayWashington didn't utilize his appeal or office to impact authoritative discussions. He imagined that the President ought do whatever it takes not to control the sorts of laws thatCongress passed. Nonetheless, he accepted that in the event that he disliked a bill, hehadthe option to veto it. Washington accepted that the presidents obligations were toadminister the laws of Congress and oversee relations with different nations. George Washington was the main genuine pioneer of the recently brought into the world United Statesof America. He helped shape this nation to its Democratic flawlessness today. During his twofold named administration, he ran the nation with balance anddignity. It is no big surprise that Henry Lee articulated that popular inscription: first in war, firstin harmony, and first in the hearts of his kinsmen.

Intermediate Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Middle of the road Macroeconomics - Essay Example It happens as a result of increment in import costs and fall in motivating forces to reduce expenses. Consequently, a fixed conversion scale would profit a country to keep its expansion low and accordingly advance its financial development. As Frankel (1995, p. 40) brings up, fixed trade can be considered as a successful financial strategy for guaranteeing value solidness. So also, keeping up fixed conversion standard might be a successful procedure to forestall hypothesis in outside money exchanges and consequently balance out the economies. It must be noticed that the swapping scale doesn't remain for all time solidified under the fixed conversion scale framework. Or maybe the swapping scale is auspicious and fittingly hate in order to guarantee key balance to be determined of installments. Weaknesses of fixed trade rates Even however a fixed swapping scale might be valuable to advance assurance of future trade rates, this idea has numerous drawbacks. Fundamentally, a fixed convers ion scale would cause struggle with other macroeconomic destinations. Setting fixed conversion scale may diminish budgetary transactions’ adaptability and consequently an economy may confront potential challenges in reacting to brief stuns. Financial experts opine that fixed trade rates may prompt current record lopsided characteristics. Appropriate setting of fixed swapping scale would be a troublesome errand for controllers in light of the fact that the conversion standard is destined to affect the monetary development of a nation. Differing trade rates raises potential difficulties to global organizations occupied with universal exchange. As indicated by Jain and Ohri (n.d, p. 265), the fixed swapping scale framework is to be upheld with enormous worldwide stores and the creator discovers it as one of the central negative marks of this framework. They proceed with that a... This exposition supports that cash rate variance is one of the undermining results of keeping up a gliding swapping scale system. Confirmations recommend that visit money changes in the worldwide budgetary market may make critical issues firms occupied with universal exchange. To represent, when a British firm is trading items to its US customer, an abrupt gratefulness in authentic would likely make the British firm’s sends out uncompetitive and consequently the association may leave the business. So also, unforeseen and noteworthy conversion standard vacillations may now and again power a global organization to pay greater expenses for its imports and this circumstance thus would expand the firm’s defenselessness to liquidation. The most contended drawback of coasting swapping scale is that it altogether debilitates inner value discipline and permits more prominent degree of expansion. This report makes an end that from the above conversation, unmistakably either fixed swapping scale framework or gliding swapping scale framework doesn't have any serious edge over the other. Every framework has its own points of interest and drawbacks. Subsequently, controllers must think about their development needs while picking a conversion standard strategy. For little countries and creating economies, fixed conversion standard framework is progressively prudent as this arrangement would upgrade their smooth monetary turn of events. Despite what might be expected, an adaptable swapping scale framework may help created nations to advance their development in worldwide market.

Pachyderm Photography

Pachyderm Photography (Answers to your questions are coming next entry; keep on sending them in!) ALL MY EMAILS YESTERDAY (interspersed throughout random times of the day)EVERYONE I KNOW: There are elephants being marched down Mass Ave tomorrow morning at 10 and YOU should go see them! ME: Everyone else I know just emailed me to tell me that. EVERYONE I KNOW: Thats not true; you only know us. ME: Oh, right. Every year in October, the circus comes to town, and the only way to get the elephants from the train behind Simmons is to walk them through Cambridge an event that everyone I know (see above) is very excited about. I received maybe eight or ten different emails telling me to go see the elephants- from Burton Conner, Dance Troupe, the chemistry department, Ben Jones, my friends, my FAMILY.. I think I may even have received an email from my mom at one point, even though shes 3,000 miles away and doesnt particularly care for large mammalian creatures. So this morning, I rolled out of bed two hours early for elephants. The only other Burton 1 residents to wake up were Cathy 10 and Evan 11 (Oh, Evan 11. I might never stop writing his name, just because it rhymes), because while MIT does have a communal love of gargantuan zoo creatures, nobodys quite alive until after 10 AM. We in fact almost missed the procession due to this particular affliction, but ended up running all the way to the Museum of Science by the Charles just to catch up. Its a good deal, right? They give everyone quite a show (how else would you get twenty elephants through Boston traffic?), and also, anger every commuter for several miles! It was a lovely start to the day. We walked back to Burton Conner making elephant noises of triumph, feeling thoroughly satisfied with our early-morning pachyderm photography. Then we all proceeded to crash, because seriously, who wakes up before 10? In any case, this was dedicated to everyone I know.

Peter Drucker s Theory Of Time Management Essay - 1761 Words

Dr. Albert Mohler quoted Peter Drucker, an author and management consultant, in his book â€Å"Conviction to Lead† concerning the importance of leaders and their time management. Drucker claimed, â€Å"everything requires time. It is the only truly universal condition. All work takes place in time and uses up time. Yet most people take for granted this unique, irreplaceable, and necessary resource. Nothing else, perhaps, distinguishes effective executives as much as their tender loving care of time.† Time is just like other resource in the world, yet, many people often neglects the irreplaceable and exhausting nature of time. Drucker, therefore, emphasizes the importance of time management by correlating a success of career and organization of leaders, with their dispensation of time in wise and strategic manner. Dr. Mohler, in other hand, further incorporating Drucker’s definition of time management with Christian perspective, claimed that a Christian leader also ought to use time wisely and effectively, but with an awareness that we are call to be a good steward of God’s resources in the world, including time. Christians, therefore, must know how to manage their time and give a tender loving care of time for God’s glory and His ministry. It is interesting, then, to think about how all Korean elementary students learn time management skill as the first lesson in their schools before any other subjects. Korean students are required to draw and produce a daily schedule, monthlyShow MoreRelatedManagement Theories1287 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization and management, known as management theory, the significant being Frederick Taylor s Principles of Scientific Management which involved the development of training workers through special incentives and compensation (Boone p.33). In general, early management scientists tended to believe that there was a single way to organize companies and manage employees. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were initial attempts for launching a systematic and scientific study of management; by theRead MoreBusiness Management And The Future Business Model1698 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess can be achieved the highest productivity. A number of key issues arise from the statement. Fo r instance, entrepreneurship despite its relatively short period of time has passed a long way of evolution from a rather banal management practices to modern and innovative technologies and methods of business management. Business management can be considered a system of economic analysis of the company. Therefore, the strategy of operation and development of any enterprise is impossible without competentRead MorePeter Drucker: The Father of Modern Management Non-profit organization, corporate society,1900 Words   |  8 PagesPeter Drucker: The Father of Modern Management Non-profit organization, corporate society, management by objectives, are all terms being used and taught today and all have something in common. What is it you ask? Peter Drucker. He was the man behind all of these ideas and their growth into what they have become today. He has been titled many things including, â€Å"The Man Who Invented Corporate Society† and â€Å"the father of management principles†. The article, Drucker (2005), stated that Peter was â€Å"hailedRead MoreEssay on What Makes for an Effective Leader?954 Words   |  4 Pagesof what makes one an effective leader has fascinated people for thousands of years. There is a great difference between leadership and management. Leadership in my opinion differs from management and requires transformational approaches. Peter F. Drucker says, Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things (Goodreads.com,2014). Management capabilities can be developed mostly through personal experiences while leadership skills are inherent and there are therefore no clearRead MoreSocial Responsibility And Business Ethics Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to assess an article written by William Cohen (2009) which outlines Peter Drucker’s description of the role of social responsibility in business organizations and society. This paper will compare similarities and differences between Cohen’s perspective on social responsibility to the social responsibility and business ethics theories of Drucker and Milton Friedman. Furthermore, this paper will provide a frame of reference on corporate social responsibilityRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Good Manager1294 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual should be able to contribute, negotiate and resolve conflict effectively in a team with others members and leaders. The second skills are self-management which is the ability to have a strong ethical reasoning, tolerance of others and most important to meet the obligations of the workplace. Thirdly, leadership forms part of the management skills because managers need to have the ability to influence and supp ort people in order to make them perform multiple tasks. Similarity, the criticalRead MorePerformance Management : Effective Coaching System1250 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance management is the process of communication between a supervisor and an employee that occurs throughout the year, in order achieve strategic objectives of the organization. The communication process includes clarifying expectations, setting objectives, identifying goals, providing feedback, and reviewing results. Traditional performance management systems are changing to become a more effective coaching system that focuses on employee achievement of goals and objectives rather than theRead MoreHistorical Development of Strategic Management1151 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment of strategic management Birth of strategic management Strategic management as a discipline originated in the 1950s and 60s. Although there were numerous early contributors to the literature, the most influential pioneers were Alfred D. Chandler, Philip Selznick, Igor Ansoff, and Peter Drucker. Alfred Chandler recognized the importance of coordinating the various aspects of management under one all-encompassing strategy. Prior to this time the various functions of management were separate withRead MoreManagement Analysis : Management Process906 Words   |  4 Pages Management by Objectives, MBO, is a management process where managers and employees decide together what goals the employee should work to achieve. The goals set for the employee are agreed upon by both the employee and the manager. The employee is evaluated based on these goals and may be given a raise or a promotion if they have achieved the set goals within some set period of time. This management process was first introduced by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book â€Å"The Practice of Management† withRead MoreEssay on Management Theories1263 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization and management, known as management theory, the significant being Frederick Taylors Principles of Scientific Management which invol ved the development of training workers through special incentives and compensation (Boone p.33). In general, early management scientists tended to believe that there was a single way to organize companies and manage employees. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were initial attempts for launching a systematic and scientific study of management; by the

The Air Force ( Eaf ) - 1382 Words

Egyptian air Force (EAF) is undergoing a prime convert in the field of technology and information warfare which requires the steady understanding of new technology and innovation and switch of equipment. However, material superiority merely is not sufficient. A greater importance is the development of organizations, training and education, leaders and personals that effectively take advantage of the technology. Thoroughly fancy equipment is nice, technology will not achieve full scale improvement without knowledgeable people. Professional education can link that gap. In the bilateral exercises with the air forces of United States, France, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates, our men and machines put up outstanding performances making†¦show more content†¦They would be required to understand the political, economic, diplomatic, technological and military environment. Most of the operations would be joint operations, and a cyber-warfare would add another challenge. Therefor e, there is today a need to evolve an effective Professional Military Education (PME) program to develop future Aerospace leaders who are able to quickly understand the complexities of the prevailing situation and appropriately apply the highly potent capabilities of Aerospace power to achieve the desired results most cost effectively. This paper focuses on Professional Military Education (PME) requirements of the officer cadre in view of the transformation of the Egyptian Air Force by 2030. Egypt will reemerge as a major regional power in the early 21st century and its EAF organizations capabilities will influence to a significant degree the outcome of future wars in our region. No other profession demands more of manpower, than the military profession. It is noteworthy that, despite the responsibilities attached to the man in uniform, very little has been written about the kind of education that he undergoes. While EAF s vision 2030 gives the force structure in the future battlefield scenarios it neither talks about how the EAF would be providing PME to the future leaders nor the infrastructural requirements to meet the demands. Today, we stand a transitional period, as the machine age

Sunshine Chapter 1 Free Essays

To Peter, my Mel and my Con wrapped up in one (slightly untidy) package Hey, am I lucky or what? PART ONE It was a dumb thing to do but it wasn’t that dumb. There hadn’t been any trouble out at the lake in years. And it was so exquisitely far from the rest of my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunshine Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Monday evening is our movie evening because we are celebrating having lived through another week. Sunday night we lock up at eleven or midnight and crawl home to die, and Monday (barring a few national holidays) is our day off. Ruby comes in on Mondays with her warrior cohort and attacks the coffeehouse with an assortment of high-tech blasting gear that would whack Godzilla into submission: those single-track military minds never think to ask their cleaning staff for help in giant lethal marauding creature matters. Thanks to Ruby, Charlie’s Coffeehouse is probably the only place in Old Town where you are safe from the local cockroaches, which are approximately the size of chipmunks. You can hear them clicking when they canter across the cobblestones outside. We’d begun the tradition of Monday evening movies seven years ago when I started slouching out of bed at four a.m. to get the bread going. Our first customers arrive at six-thirty and they want our Cinnamon Rolls as Big as Your Head and I am the one who makes them. I put the dough on to rise overnight and it is huge and puffy and waiting when I get there at four-thirty. By the time Charlie arrives at six to brew coffee and open the till (and, most of the year, start dragging the outdoor tables down the alley and out to the front), you can smell them baking. One of Ruby’s lesser minions arrives at about five for the daily sweep- and mop-up. Except on Tuesdays, when the coffeehouse is gleaming and I am giving myself tendonitis trying to persuade stiff, surly, thirty-hour-refrigerated dough that it’s time to loosen up. Charlie is one of the big good guys in my universe. He gave me enough of a raise when I finished school (high school diploma by the skin of my teeth and the intercession of my subversive English teacher) and began working for him full time that I could afford my own place, and, even more important, he talked Mom into letting me have it. But getting up at four a.m. six days a week does put a cramp on your social life (although as Mom pointed out every time she was in a bad mood, if I still lived at home I could get up at four-twenty). At first Monday evening was just us, Mom and Charlie and Billy and Kenny and me, and sometimes one or two of the stalwarts from the coffeehouse. But over the years Monday evenings had evolved, and now it was pretty much any of the coffeehouse staff who wanted to turn up, plus a few of the customers who had become friends. (As Billy and Kenny got older the standard of movies improved too. The first Monday evening that featured a movie that wasn’t rated â€Å"suitable for all ages† we opened a bottle of champagne.) Charlie, who doesn’t know how to sit still and likes do-it-yourselfing at home on his days off, had gradually knocked most of the walls down on the ground floor, so the increasing mob could mill around comfortably. But that was just it – my entire life existed in relation to the coffeehouse. My only friends were staff and regulars. I started seeing Mel because he was single and not bad-looking and the weekday assistant cook at the coffeehouse, with that interesting bad-boy aura from driving a motorcycle and having a few too many tattoos, and no known serious drawbacks. (Baz had been single and not bad-looking too, but there’d always been something a little off about him, which resolved itself when Charlie found him with his hand in the till.) I was happy in the bakery. I just sometimes felt when I got out of it I would like to get a little farther out. Mom had been in one of her bad moods that particular week, sharp and short with everyone but the customers, not that she saw them much any more, she was in the office doing the paperwork and giving hell to any of our suppliers who didn’t behave. I’d been having car trouble and was complaining about the garage bill to anyone who’d listen. No doubt Mom heard the story more than once, but then I heard her weekly stories about her hairdresser more than once too (she and Mary and Liz all used Lina, I think so they could get together after and discuss her love life, which was pretty fascinating). But Sunday evening she overheard me telling Kyoko, who had been out sick and was catching up after five days away, and Mom lost it. She shouted that if I lived at home I wouldn’t need a car at all, and she was worried about me because I looked tired all the time, and when was I going to stop dreaming my life away and marry Mel and have some kids? Supposing that Mel and I wanted to get married, which hadn’t been discussed. I wondered how Mom would take the appearance at the wedding of the remnants of Mel’s old motorcycle gang – which is to say the ones that were still alive – with their hair and their Rocs and Griffins (even Mel still had an old Griffin for special occasions, although it hemorrhaged oil) and their attitude problems. They never showed up in force at the coffeehouse, but she’d notice them at the kind of wedding she’d expect me to have. The obvious answer to the question of children was, who was going to look after the baby while I got up at four a.m. to make cinnamon rolls? Mel worked as appalling hours as I did, especially since he’d been promoted to head cook when Charlie had been forced – by a mutiny of all hands – to accept that he could either delegate something or drop dead of exhaustion. So househusbandry wasn’t the answer. But in fact I knew my family would have got round this. When one of our waitresses got pregnant and the boyfriend left town and her own family threw her out, Mom and Charlie took her in and we all babysat in shifts, in and out of the coffeehouse. (We’d only just got rid of Mom’s sister Evie and her four kids, who’d stayed for almost two years, and one mom and one baby seemed like pie in the sky in comparison. Especially after Evie, who is professionally helpless.) Barry was in second grade now, and Emmy was married to Henry. Henry was one o f our regulars, and Emmy still waitressed for us. The coffeehouse is like that. I liked living alone. I liked the silence – and nothing moving but me. I lived upstairs in a big old ex-farmhouse at the edge of a federal park, with my landlady on the ground floor. When I’d gone round to look at the place the old lady – very tall, very straight, and a level stare that went right through you – had looked at me and said she didn’t like renting to Young People (she said this like you might say Dog Vomit) because they kept bad hours and made noise. I liked her immediately. I explained humbly that indeed I did keep bad hours because I had to get up at four a.m. to make cinnamon rolls for Charlie’s Coffeehouse, whereupon she stopped scowling magisterially and invited me in. It had taken three months after graduation for Mom to begin to consider my moving out, and that was with Charlie working on her. I was still reading the apartments-for-rent ads in the paper surreptitiously and making the phone calls when Mom was out of earshot. Most of them in my price range were dire. This apartment, up on the third floor at the barn end of the long rambling house, was perfect, and the old lady must have seen I meant it when I said so. I could feel my face light up when she opened the door at the top of the second flight of stairs, and the sunshine seemed to pour in from every direction. The living room balcony, cut down from the old hayloft platform but now overlooking the garden, still has no curtains. By the time we signed the lease my future landlady and I were on our way to becoming fast friends, if you can be fast friends with someone who merely by the way she carries herself makes you feel like a troll. Maybe I was just curious: there was so obviously some mystery about her; even her name was odd. I wrote the check to Miss Yolande. No Smith or Jones or Fitzalan-Howard or anything. Just Miss Yolande. But she was always pleasant to me, and she wasn’t wholly without human weakness: I brought her stuff from the coffeehouse and she ate it. I have that dominant feed-people gene that I think you have to have to survive in the small-restaurant business. You sure aren’t doing it for the money or the hours. At first it was now and then – I didn’t want her to notice I was trying to feed her up – but she was always so pleased it got to be a regular thing. Whereupon she lowered the rent – which I have to admit was a godsend, since by then I’ d found out what running a car was going to cost – and told me to lose the â€Å"Miss.† Yolande had said soon after I moved in that I was welcome in the garden any time I liked too, it was just her and me (and the peanut-butter-baited electric deer fence), and occasionally her niece and the niece’s three little girls. The little girls and I got along because they were good eaters and they thought it was the most exciting thing in the world to come in to the coffeehouse and be allowed behind the counter. Well, I could remember what that felt like, when Mom was first working for Charlie. But that’s the coffeehouse in action again: it tends to sweep out and engulf people. I think only Yolande has ever held out against this irresistible force, but then I do bring her white bakery bags almost every day. Usually I could let Mom’s temper roll off me. But there’d been too much of it lately. Coffeehouse disasters are often hardest on Mom, because she does the money and the admin, and for example actually follows up people’s references when they apply for jobs, which Charlie never bothers with, but she isn’t one for bearing trials quietly. That spring there’d been expensive repairs when it turned out the roof had been leaking for months and a whole corner of the ceiling in the main kitchen fell down one afternoon, one of our baking-goods suppliers went bust and we hadn’t found another one we liked as well, and two of our wait staff and another one of the kitchen staff quit without warning. Plus Kenny had entered high school the previous autumn and he was goofing off and getting high instead of studying. He wasn’t goofing off and getting high any more than I had done, but he had no gift for keeping a low profile. He was also very bright â⠂¬â€œ both my half brothers were – and Mom and Charlie had high hopes for them. I’d always suspected that Charlie had pulled me off waitressing, which had bored me silly, and given me a real function in the kitchen to straighten me out. I had been only sixteen, so I was young for it, but he’d been letting me help him from time to time out back so he knew I could do it, the question was whether I would. Sudden scary responsibility had worked with me. But Kenny wasn’t going to get a law degree by learning to make cinnamon rolls, and he didn’t need to feed people the way Charlie or I did either. Anyway Kenny hadn’t come home till dawn that Sunday morning – his curfew was midnight on Saturday nights – and there had been hell to pay. There had been hell to pay all that day for all of us, and I went home that night smarting and cranky and my one night a week of twelve hours’ sleep hadn’t worked its usual rehabilitation. I took my tea and toast and Immortal Death, (a favorite comfort book since under-the-covers-with-flashlight reading at the age of eleven or twelve) back to bed when I finally woke up at nearly noon, and even that really spartan scene when the heroine escapes the Dark Other who’s been pursuing her for three hundred pages by calling on her demon heritage (finally) and turning herself into a waterfall didn’t cheer me up. I spent most of the afternoon housecleaning, which is my other standard answer to a bad mood, and that didn’t work either. Maybe I was worried about Kenny too. I’d been lucky during my brief tearaway spell; he might not be. Also I take the quality of my flour very seriously, and I didn’t think much of our latest trial baking-supply company. When I arrived at Charlie and Mom’s house that evening for Monday movies the tension was so thick it was like walking into a blanket. Charlie was popping corn and trying to pretend everything was fine. Kenny was sulking, which probably meant he was still hung over, because Kenny didn’t sulk, and Billy was being hyper to make up for it, which of course didn’t. Mary and Danny and Liz and Mel were there, and Consuela, Mom’s latest assistant, who was beginning to look like the best piece of luck we’d had all year, and about half a dozen of our local regulars. Emmy and Barry were there too, as they often were when Henry was away, and Mel was playing with Barry, which gave Mom a chance to roll her eyes at me and glare, which I knew meant â€Å"see how good he is with children – it’s time he had some of his own.† Yes. And in another fourteen years this hypothetical kid would be starting high school and learning better, more advanced, a dolescent ways of how to screw up and make grown-ups crazy. I loved every one of these people. And I couldn’t take another minute of their company. Popcorn and a movie would make us all feel better, and it was a working day tomorrow, and you have only so much brain left over to worry with if you run a family restaurant. The Kenny crisis would go away like every other crisis had always gone away, worn down and eventually buried by an accumulation of order slips, till receipts, and shared stories of the amazing things the public gets up to. But the thought of sitting for two hours – even with Mel’s arm around me – and a bottomless supply of excellent popcorn (Charlie couldn’t stop feeding people just because it was his day off) wasn’t enough on that particular Monday. So I said I’d had a headache all day (which was true) and on second thought I would go home to bed, and I was sorry. I was out the door again not five minutes after I’d gone in. Mel followed me. One of the things we’d had almost from the beginning was an ability not to talk about everything. These people who want to talk about their feelings all the time, and want you to talk about yours, make me nuts. Besides, Mel knows my mother. There’s nothing to discuss. If my mom is the lightning bolt, I’m the tallest tree on the plain. That’s the way it is. There are two very distinct sides to Mel. There’s the wild-boy side, the motorcycle tough. He’s cleaned up his act, but it’s still there. And then there’s this strange vast serenity that seems to come from the fact that he doesn’t feel he has to prove anything. The blend of anarchic thug and tranquil self-possession makes him curiously restful to be around, like walking proof that oil and water can mix. It’s also great on those days that everyone else in the coffeehouse is screaming. It was Monday, so he smelled of gasoline and paint rather than garlic and onions. He was absentmindedly rubbing the oak tree tattoo on his shoulder. He was a tattoo-rubber when he was thinking about something else, which meant that whatever he was cooking or working on could get pretty liberally dispersed about his person on ruminative days. â€Å"She’ll sheer, day or so,† he said. â€Å"I was thinking, maybe I’ll talk to Kenny.† â€Å"Do it,† I said. â€Å"It would be nice if he lived long enough to find out he doesn’t want to be a lawyer.† Kenny wanted to get into Other law, which is the dancing-on-the-edge-of-the-muttering-volcano branch of law, but a lawyer is still a lawyer. Mel grunted. He probably had more reason than me to believe that lawyers are large botulism bacteria in three-piece suits. â€Å"Enjoy the movie,† I said. â€Å"I know the real reason you’re blowing, sweetheart,† Mel said. â€Å"Billy’s turn to rent the movie,† I said. â€Å"And I hate westerns.† Mel laughed, kissed me, and went back indoors, closing the door gently behind him. I stood restlessly on the sidewalk. I might have tried the library’s new-novels shelf, a dependable recourse in times of trouble, but Monday evening was early closing. Alternatively I could go for a walk. I didn’t feel like reading: I didn’t feel like looking at other people’s imaginary lives in flat black and white from out here in my only too unimaginary life. It was getting a little late for solitary walking, even around Old Town, and besides, I didn’t want a walk either. I just didn’t know what I did want. I wandered down the block and climbed into my fresh-from-the-mechanics car and turned the key. I listened to the nice healthy purr of the engine and out of nowhere decided it might be fun to go for a drive. I wasn’t a going for a drive sort of person usually. But I thought of the lake. When my mother had still been married to my father we’d had a summer cabin out there, along with hundreds of other people. After my parents split up I used to take the bus out there occasionally to see my gran. I didn’t know where my gran lived – it wasn’t at the cabin – but I would get a note or a phone call now and then suggesting that she hadn’t seen me for a while, and we could meet at the lake. My mother, who would have loved to forbid these visits – when Mom goes off someone, she goes off comprehensively, and when she went off my dad she went off his entire family, excepting me, whom she equally passionately demanded to keep – didn’t, but the result of her not-very-successfully restrained unease and disapproval made those trips out to the lake more of an adventure than they might otherwise have been, at least in the beginning. In the beginning I had kept hoping that my gran would do something really dramatic, which I was sure she was capable of, but she never did. It wasn’t till after I’d stopped hoping†¦but that was later, and not at all what I had had in mind. And then when I was ten she disappeared. When I was ten the Voodoo Wars started. They were of course nothing about voodoo, but they were about a lot of bad stuff, and some of the worst of them in our area happened around the lake. A lot of the cabins got burned down or leveled one way or another, and there were a few places around the lake where you still didn’t go if you didn’t want to have bad dreams or worse for months afterward. Mostly because of those bad spots (although also because there simply weren’t as many people to have vacation homes anywhere any more) after the Wars were over and most of the mess cleared up, the lake never really caught on again. The wilderness was taking over – which was a good thing because it meant that it could. There were a lot of places now where nothing was ever going to grow again. It was pretty funny really, the only people who ever went out there regularly were the Supergreens, to see how the wilderness was getting on, and if as the urban populations of things like raccoons and foxes and rabbits and deer moved back out of town again, they started to look and behave like raccoons and foxes and rabbits and deer had used to look and behave. Supergreens also counted things like osprey and pine marten and some weird marsh grass that was another endangered species although not so interesting to look at, none of which seemed to care about bad human magic, or maybe the bad spots didn’t give ospreys and pine martens and marsh grass bad dreams. I went out there occasionally with Mel – we saw ospreys pretty often and pine martens once or twice, but all marsh grass looks like all other marsh grass to me – but I hadn’t been there after dark since I was a kid. The road that went to what had been my parents’ cabin was passable, if only just. I got out there and went and sat on the porch and looked at the lake. My parents’ cabin was the only one still standing in this area, possibly because it had belonged to my father, whose name meant something even during the Voodoo Wars. There was a bad spot off to the east, but it was far enough away not to trouble me, though I could feel it was there. I sat on the sagging porch, swinging my legs and feeling the troubles of the day draining out of me like water. The lake was beautiful: almost flat calm, the gentlest lapping against the shore, and silver with moonlight. I’d had many good times here: first with my parents, when they were still happy together, and later on with my gran. As I sat there I began to feel that if I sat there long enough I could get to the bottom of what was making me so cranky lately, find out if it was anything worse than poor-quality flour and a somewhat errant little brother. I never heard them coming. Of course you don’t, when they’re vampires. I had kind of a lot of theoretical knowledge about the Others, from reading what I could pull off the globenet about them – fabulously, I have to say, embellished by my addiction to novels like Immortal Death and Blood Chalice – but I didn’t have much practical ‘fo. After the Voodoo Wars, New Arcadia went from being a parochial backwater to number eight on the national top ten of cities to live in, simply because most of it was still standing. Our new rank brought its own problems. One of these was an increased sucker population. We were still pretty clean. But no place on this planet is truly free of Others, including those Darkest Others, vampires. It is technically illegal to be a vampire. Every now and then some poor stupid or unlucky person gets made a sucker as part of some kind of warning or revenge, and rather than being taken in by the vampire community (if community is the right word) that created him or her, they are dumped somewhere that they will be found by ordinary humans before the sun gets them the next morning. And then they have to spend the rest of their, so to speak, lives, in a kind of half prison, half asylum, under doctors’ orders – and of course under guard. I’d heard, although I had no idea if it was true, that these miserable ex-people are executed – drugged senseless and then staked, beheaded, and burned – when they reached what would have been their normal life expectancy if they’d been alive in the usual way. One of the origins of the Voodoo Wars was that the vampires, tired of being the only ones of the Big Three, major-league Other Folk coherently and comprehensively legislated against, created a lot of vampires that they left for us humans to look after, and then organized them – somehow – into a wide-scale breakout. Vampirism doesn’t generally do a lot for your personality – that is, a lot of good – and the vampires had chosen as many really nice people as possible to turn, to emphasize their disenchantment with the present system. Membership in the Supergreens, for example, plummeted by something like forty percent during the Voodoo Wars, and a couple of big national charities had to shut down for a few years. It’s not that any of the Others are really popular, or that it had only been the vampires against us during the Wars. But a big point about vampires is that they are the only ones that can’t hide what they are: let a little sunlight touch them and they burst into flames. Very final flames. Exposure and destruction in one neat package. Weres are only in danger once a month, and there are drugs that will hold the Change from happening. The drugs are illegal, but then so are coke and horse and hypes and rats’ brains and trippers. If you want the anti-Change drugs you can get them. (And most Weres do. Being a Were isn’t as bad as being a vampire, but it’s bad enough.) And a lot of demons look perfectly normal. Most demons have some funny habit or other but unless you live with one and catch it eating garden fertilizer or old combox components or growing scaly wings and floating six inches above the bed after it falls asleep, you’d never know. And some demons are pretty nice, although it’s not something you want to count on. (I’m talking about the Big Three, which everyone does, but â€Å"demon† is a pretty catch-all term really, and it can often turn out to mean what the law enforcement official on the other end of it wants it to mean at the time.) The rest of the Others don’t cause much trouble, at least not officially. It is pretty cool to be suspected of being a fallen angel, and everyone knows someone with sprite or peri blood. Mary, at the coffeehouse, for example. Everyone wants her to pour their coffee because coffee poured by Mary is always hot. She doesn’t know where this comes from, but she doesn’t deny it’s some kind of Other blood. So long as Mary sticks to being a waitress at a coffeehouse, the government turns a blind eye to this sort of thing. But if anyone ever manages to distill a drug that lets a vampire go out in daylight they’ll be worth more money in a month than the present total of all bank balances held by everyone on the global council. There are a lot of scientists and backyard bozos out there trying for that jackpot – on both sides of the line. The smart money is on the black-market guys, but it’s conceivable that the guys in the white hats will get there first. It’s a more and more open secret that the suckers in the asylums are being experimented on – for their own good, of course. That’s another result of the Voodoo Wars. The global council claims to want to â€Å"cure† vampirism. The legit scientists probably aren’t starting with autopyrocy, however. (At least I don’t think they are. Our June holiday Monday is for Hiroshi Gutterman who managed to destroy a lot of vampires single-handedly, but probably not by being a Naga demon and closing his su n-proof hood at an opportune moment, because aside from not wanting to think about even a full-blood Naga having a hood big enough, there are no plausible rumors that either the suckers or the scientists are raising cobras for experiments with their skins.) There are a lot of vampires out there. Nobody knows how many, but a lot. And the clever ones – at least the clever and lucky ones – tend to wind up wealthy. Really old suckers are almost always really wealthy suckers. Any time there isn’t any other news for a while you can pretty well count on another big article all over the globenet debating how much of the world’s money is really in sucker hands, and those articles are an automatic pickup for every national and local paper. Maybe we’re all just paranoid. But there’s another peculiarity about vampires. They don’t, you know, breed. Oh, they make new vampires – but they make them out of pre-existing people. Weres and demons and so on can have kids with ordinary humans as well as with each other, and often do. At least some of the time it’s because the parents love each other, and love softens the edges of xenophobia. There are amazing stories about vampire sex and vampire orgies (there would be) but there’s never been even a half-believable myth about the birth of a vampire or half-vampire baby. (Speaking of sucker sex, the most popular story concerns the fact that since vampires aren’t alive, all their lifelike activities are under their voluntary control. This includes the obvious ones like walking, talking, and biting people, but it also includes the ones that are involuntary in the living: like the flow of their blood. One of the first stories that any teenager just waking up to carnal possibilities hears about male vampires is that they can keep it up indefinitely. I personally stopped blushing after I had my first lover, and discovered that absolutely the last thing I would want in a boyfriend is a permanent hard-on.) So the suckers are right, humans do hate them in a single-mindedly committed way that is unlike our attitude to any of the other major categories of Others. But it’s hardly surprising. Vampires hold maybe one-fifth of the world’s capital and they’re a race incontestably apart. Humans don’t like ghouls and lamias either, but the rest of the undead don’t last long, they’re not very bright, and if one bites you, every city hospital emergency room has the antidote (supposing there’s enough of you left for you to run away with). The global council periodically tries to set up â€Å"talks† with vampire leaders in which they offer an end to persecution and legal restriction and an inexhaustible supply of pigs’ blood in exchange for a promise that the vampires will stop preying on people. In the first place this doesn’t work because while vampires tend to hunt in packs, the vampire population as a whole is a series of litt le fiefdoms, and alliances are brief and rare and usually only exist for the purpose of destroying some mutually intolerable other sucker fiefdom. In the second place the bigger the gang and the more powerful the master vampire, the less he or she moves around, and leaving headquarters to sit on bogus human global council â€Å"talks† is just not sheer. And third, pigs’ blood isn’t too popular with vampires. It’s probably like being offered Cava when you’ve been drinking Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin all your life. (The coffeehouse has a beer and wine license, but Charlie has a soft spot for champagne. Charlie’s was once on a globenet survey of restaurants, listed as the only coffeehouse anybody had ever heard of that serves champagne by the glass. You might be surprised how many people like bubbly with their meatloaf or even their cream cheese on pumpernickel.) Okay, so I’m a little obsessed. Some people adore soap operas. Some people are neurotic about sports. I follow stories about the Others. Also, we know more about the Others at the coffeehouse – if we want to – because several of our regulars work for SOF – Special Other Forces. Also known as sucker cops, since, as I say, it’s chiefly the suckers they worry about. Mom shuts them up when she catches them talking shop on our premises, but they know they always have an audience in me. I wouldn’t trust any cop any farther than I could throw our Prometheus, the shining black monster that dominates the kitchen at Charlie’s and is the apple of Mel’s eye (you understand the connection between motorcycles and cooking when you’ve seen an industrial-strength stove at full blast), but I liked Pat and Jesse. Our SOFs say that nobody and nothing will ever enable suckers to go out in daylight, and a good thing too, because daylight is the only thing that is preventing them from taking over the other four-fifths of the world economy and starting human ranching as the next hot growth area for venture capitalists. But then SOFs are professionally paranoid, and they don’t have a lot of faith in the guys in lab coats, whether they’re wearing black hats or white ones. There are stories about â€Å"good† vampires like there are stories about the loathly lady who after a hearty meal of raw horse and hunting hound and maybe the odd huntsman or archer, followed by an exciting night in the arms of her chosen knight, turns into the kindest and most beautiful lady the world has ever seen; but according to our SOFs no human has ever met a good vampire, or at least has never returned to say so, which kind of tells its own tale, doesn’t it? And the way I see it, the horse and the hounds and the huntsman are still dead, and you have to wonder about the psychology of the chosen knight who goes along with all the carnage and the fun and frolic in bed on some dubious grounds of â€Å"honor.† Vampires kill people and suck their blood. Or rather the other way around. They like their meat alive and frightened, and they like to play with it a while before they finish it off. Another story about vampires is that the one domestic pet a vampire may keep is a cat, because vampires understand the way cats’ minds work. During the worst of the Voodoo Wars anyone who lived alone with a cat was under suspicion of being a vampire. There were stories that in a few places where the Wars were the worst, solitary people with cats who didn’t burst into flames in daylight were torched. I hoped it wasn’t true, but it might have been. There are always cats around Charlie’s, but they are usually refugees seeking asylum from the local rat population, and rather desperately friendly. There are always more of them at the full moon too, which goes to show that not every Were chooses – or, more likely in Old Town, can afford – to go the drug route. So when I swam back to consciousness, the fact that I was still alive and in one piece wasn’t reassuring. I was propped against something at the edge of a ring of firelight. Vampires can see in the dark and they don’t cook their food, but they seem to like playing with fire, maybe the way some humans get off on joyriding stolen cars or playing last-across on a busy railtrack. I came out of it feeling wretchedly sick and shaky, and of course scared out of my mind. They’d put some kind of Breath over me. I knew that vampires don’t have to stoop to blunt instruments or something on a handkerchief clapped over your face. They can just breathe on you and you are out cold. It isn’t something they can all do, but nearly all vampires hunt in packs since the Wars, and being the Breather to a gang had become an important sign of status (according to globenet reports). They can all move utterly silently, however, and, over short distances, faster than anything – well, faster than anything alive – as well. So even if the Breath went wrong somehow they’d catch you anyway, if they wanted to catch you. â€Å"She’s coming out of it,† said a voice. I’d never met a vampire before, nor heard one speak, except on TV, where they run the voice through some kind of antiglamor technology so no one listening will march out of their house and start looking for the speaker. I can’t imagine that a vampire would want everyone listening to its voice to leap out of their chairs and start seeking it, but I don’t know how vampires (or cats, or loathly ladies) think, and maybe it would want to do this. And there is, of course, a story, because there is always a story, that a master vampire can tune its voice so that maybe only one specific person of all the possibly millions of people who hear a broadcast (and a sucker interview is always a big draw) will jump out of their chair, etc. I don’t think I believe this, but I’m just as glad of the antiglamor tech. But whatever else it does, it makes their voices sound funny. Not human, but not human in a clattery, mechanical, microchip way. So in theory I suppose I shouldn’t have known these guys were vampires. But I did. If you’ve been kidnapped by the Darkest Others, you know it. In the first place, there’s the smell. It’s not at all a butcher-shop smell, as you might expect, although it does have that metallic blood tang to it. But meat in a butcher’s shop is dead. I know this is a contradiction in terms, but vampires smell of live blood. And something else. I don’t know what the something else is; it’s not any animal, vegetable, or mineral in my experience. It’s not attractive or disgusting, although it does make your heart race. That’s in the genes, I suppose. Your body knows it’s prey even if your brain is fuddled by the Breath or trying not to pay attention. It’s the smell of vampire, and your fight-or-flight instincts take over. There aren’t many stories of those instincts actually getting you away though. At that moment I couldn’t think of any. And vampires don’t move like humans. I’m told that young ones can â€Å"pass† (after dark) if they want to, and a popular way of playing chicken among humans is to go somewhere there’s a rumor of vampires and see if you can spot one. I knew Kenny and his buddies had done this a few times. I did it when I was their age. It’s not enormously dangerous if you stay in a group and don’t go into the no-man’s-land around the big cities. We’re a medium-sized city and, as I say, we’re pretty clean. It’s still a dumb and dangerous thing to do – dumber than my driving out to the lake should have been. The vampires around the bonfire weren’t bothering not to move like vampires. Also, I said that the antiglam tech makes sucker voices sound funny on TV and radio and the globenet. They sound even funnier in person. Funny peculiar. Funny awful. Maybe there’s something about the Breath. I woke up, as I say, sick and wretched and scared, but I should have been freaked completely past thought and I wasn’t. I knew this was the end of the road. Suckers don’t snatch people and then decide they’re not very hungry after all and let them go. I was dinner, and when I was finished being dinner, I was dead. But it was like: okay, that’s the way it goes, bad luck, damn. Like the way you might feel if your vacation got canceled at the last minute, or you’d spent all day making a fabulous birthday cake for your boyfriend and tripped over the threshold bringing it in and it landed upside down on the dog. Damn. But that’s all. I lay there, breathing, listening to my heart race, but feeling this weird numb composure. We were still by the lake. From where I half-lay I could see it through the trees. It was still a beautiful serene moonlit evening. â€Å"Do we take her over immediately?† This was the one who had noticed I was awake. It was a little apart from the others, and was sitting up straight on a tree stump or a rock – I couldn’t see which – as if keeping watch. â€Å"Yeah. Bo says so. But he says we have to dress her up first.† This one sounded as if it was in charge. Maybe it was the Breather. â€Å"Dress her up? What is this, a party?† â€Å"I thought we had the party while†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said a third one. Several of them laughed. Their laughter made the hair on my arms stand on end. I couldn’t distinguish any individual shapes but that of the watcher. I couldn’t see how many of them there were. I thought I was listening to male voices but I wasn’t sure. That’s how weird sucker voices are. â€Å"Bo says our†¦guest is old-fashioned. Ladies should wear dresses.† I could feel them looking at me, feel the glint of their eyes in the firelight. I didn’t look back. Even when you already know you’re toast you don’t look in vampires’ eyes. â€Å"She’s a lady, huh.† â€Å"Don’t matter. She’ll look enough like one in a dress.† They all laughed again at this. I may have whimpered. One of the vampires separated itself from the boneless dark slithery blur of vampires and came toward me. My heart was going to lunge out of my mouth but I lay still. I was, strangely, beginning to feel my way into the numbness – as if, if I could, I would find the center of me again. As if being able to think clearly and calmly held any possibility of doing me any good. I wondered if this was how it felt when you woke up in the morning on the day you knew you were going to be executed. One of the things you need to understand is that I’m not a brave person. I don’t put up with being messed around, and I don’t suffer fools gladly. The short version of that is that I’m a bitch. Trust me, I can produce character references. But that’s something else. I’m not brave. Mel is brave. His oldest friend told me some stories about him once I could barely stand to listen to, about dispatch riding during the Wars, and Mel’d been pissed off when he found out, although he hadn’t denied they happened. Mom is brave: she left my dad with no money, no job, no prospects – her own parents had dumped her when she married my dad, and her younger sisters didn’t find her again till she resurfaced years later at Charlie’s – and a six-year-old daughter. Charlie is brave: he started a coffeehouse by talking his bank into giving him a loan on his house back in the days when you only saw rats, cockroaches, derel icts, and Charlie himself on the streets of Old Town. I’m not brave. I make cinnamon rolls. I read a lot. My idea of excitement is Mel popping a wheelie driving away from a stoplight with me on pillion. The vampire was standing right next to me. I didn’t think I’d seen it walk that far. I’d seen it stand up and become one vampire out of a group of vampires. Then it was standing next to me. It. He. I looked at his hand as he held something out to me. â€Å"Put it on.† I reluctantly extended my own hand and accepted what it was. He didn’t seem any more eager to touch me than I was to touch him; the thing he was offering glided from his hand to mine. He moved away. I tried to watch, but I couldn’t differentiate him from the shadows. He was just not there. I stood up slowly and turned my back on all of them. You might not think you could turn your back on a lot of vampires, but do you want to watch while they check the rope for kinks and the security of the noose and the lever on the trap door or do you maybe want to close your eyes? I turned my back. I pulled my T-shirt off over my head and dropped the dress down over me. The shoulder straps barely covered my bra straps and my neck and shoulders and most of my back and breasts were left bare. Buffet dining. Very funny. I took my jeans off underneath the long loose skirt. I still had my back to them. I was hoping that vampires weren’t very interested in a meal that was apparently going to someone else. I didn’t like having my back to them but I kept telling myself it didn’t matter (there are guards to grab you if the lever still jams on the first attempt and you try to dive off the scaffold). I was very carefully clumsy and awkward about taking my jeans off, and in the process tucked my little jackknife up under my bra. It was only something to do to make me feel I hadn’t just given up. What are you going to do with a two-and-a-half-inch folding blade against a lot of vampires? I’d had to take my sneakers off to get out of my jeans, and I looked at them dubiously. The dress was silky and slinky and it didn’t go with sneakers, but I didn’t like going barefoot either. â€Å"That’ll do,† said the one who had given me the dress. He reappeared from the shadows. â€Å"Let’s go.† And he reached out and took my arm. Physically I only flinched; internally it was revolution. The numbness faltered and the panic broke through. My head throbbed and swam; if it hadn’t been for those tight, terrifying fingers around my upper arms I would have fallen. A second vampire had me by the other arm. I hadn’t seen it approach, but at that moment I couldn’t see anything, feel anything but panic. It didn’t matter that they had to have touched me before – when they caught me, when they put me under the dark, when they brought me to wherever we were – I hadn’t been conscious for that. I was conscious now. But the numbness – the weird detached composure, whatever it was – pulled itself together. It was the oddest sensation. The numbness and the panic crashed through my spasming body, and the numbness won. My brain stuttered like a cold engine and reluctantly fired again. The vampires had dragged me several blind steps while this was going on. The numbness now noted dispassionately that they were wearing gloves. As if this suddenly made it all right the panic subsided. One of my feet hurt; I’d already managed to stub it on something, invisible in the dark. The material of the gloves felt rather like leather. The skin of what animal, I thought. â€Å"You sure are a quiet one,† the second vampire said to me. â€Å"Aren’t you going to beg for your life or anything?† It laughed. He laughed. â€Å"Shut up,† said the first vampire. I didn’t know why I knew this, since I couldn’t see or hear them, but I knew the other vampires were following, except for one or two who were flitting through the trees ahead of us. Maybe I didn’t know it. Maybe I was imagining things. We didn’t go far, and we went slowly. For whatever reason the two vampires holding me let me pick my shaky, barefoot, human way across bad ground in the dark. It must have seemed slower than a crawl to them. There was still a moon, but that light through the leaves only confused matters further for me. I didn’t think this was an area I was familiar with, even if I could see it. I thought I could feel a bad spot not too far away, farther into the trees. I wondered if vampires felt bad spots the way humans did. Everyone wondered if vampires had anything to do with the presence of bad spots, but bad spots were mysterious; the Voodoo Wars had produced bad spots, and vampires had been the chief enemy in the Wars, but even the globe-net didn’t seem to know any more. Everyone in the area knew about the presence of bad spots around the lake, whether they went hiking out there or not, but there’s never any gossip about sucker activity. Vampires tend to prefer citie s: the higher density of human population, presumably. The only noises were the ones I made, and a little hush of water, and the stirring of the leaves in the air off the lake. The shoreline was more rock than marsh, and when we crossed a ragged little stream the cold water against my feet was a shock: I’m alive, it said. The rational numbness now pointed out that vampires could, apparently, cross running water under at least some circumstances. Perhaps the size of the stream was important. I observed that my two guards had stepped across it bank to bank. Perhaps they didn’t want to get their shoes wet, as they had the luxury of shoes. It would be bad business for the electric moat companies if it became known that running water didn’t stop suckers. I could feel the†¦what?†¦increasing. Oppression, tension, suspense, foreboding. I of course was feeling all these things. But we were coming closer to wherever we were going, and my escorts didn’t like the situation either. I told myself I was imagining this, but the impression remained. We came out of the trees and paused. There was enough moonlight to make me blink; or perhaps it was the surprise of coming to a clear area. Somehow you don’t think of suckers coming out under the sky in a big open space, even at night. There had been a few really grand houses on the lake. I’d seen pictures of them in magazines but I’d never visited one. They had been abandoned with the rest during the Wars and were presumably either burned or blasted or derelict now. But I was looking up a long, once-landscaped slope to an enormous mansion at the head of it. Even in the moonlight I could see how shabby it was; it was missing some of its shingles and shutters, and I could see at least one broken window. But it was still standing. Where we were would once have been a lawn of smooth perfect green, and I could see scars in the earth near the house that must have been garden paths and flower beds. There was a boathouse whose roof had fallen in near us where we stood at the shore. The bad spot was near here; behind the house, not far. I was surprised there was a building still relatively in one piece this close to a bad spot; there was a lot I didn’t know about the Wars. I felt I would have been content to go on not knowing. â€Å"Time to get it over with,† said Bo’s lieutenant. They started walking up the slope toward the house. The others had melted out of the trees (wherever they’d been meanwhile) and were straggling behind the three of us, my two jailers and me. My sense that none of them was happy became stronger. I wondered if their willingness to walk through the woods at fumbling human speed had anything to do with this. I looked up at the sky, wondering, almost calmly, if this was the last time I would see it. I glanced down and to either side. The footing was nearly as bad here as it had been among the trees. There was something odd†¦I thought about my parents’ old cabin and the cabins and cottages (or rather the remains of them) around it. In the ten years since the Wars had been officially ended saplings and scrub had grown up pretty thoroughly around all of them. They should have done the same around this house. I thought: it’s been cleared. Recently. That’s why the ground is so uneven. I looked again to either s ide: now that I was looking it was obvious that the forest had been hacked back too. The big house was sitting, all by itself, in the middle of a wide expanse of land that had been roughly but thoroughly stripped of anything that might cause a shadow. This shouldn’t have made my situation any worse, but I was suddenly shuddering, and I hadn’t been before. The house was plainly our destination. I stumbled, and stumbled again. I was not doing it deliberately as some kind of hopeless delaying tactic; I was merely losing my ability to hold myself together. Something about that cleared space, about what this meant about†¦whatever was waiting for me. Something about the reluctance of my escort. About the fact that therefore whatever it was that waited was more terrible than they were. My jailers merely tightened their hold and frog-marched me when I wobbled. Suckers are very strong; they may not have noticed that they were now bearing nearly all my weight as my knees gave and my feet lost their purchase on the ragged ground. How to cite Sunshine Chapter 1, Essay examples

Volcanoes Essay Research Paper VolcanoesWhat is a free essay sample

Vents Essay, Research Paper Vents What is a Volcano? The scientific definition of a vent is a geological landform, dwelling of a crevice in the Earth s crust, above which a cone of volcanic stuff has accumulated. The cone is formed by the deposition of molten or solid affair that flows or is ejected through the blowhole from the inside of the Earth. At the top of the cone is a bowl shaped blowhole called a crater ( Decker ) . There are many types of vents, but scientist and geological experts have divided them into three groups. 1 ) Shield Volcanoes 2 ) Cinder Volcanoes 3 ) Composite Volcanoes. Shield vents are formed when a big sum of free lava spills from a blowhole and spreads widely ; lava bit by bit builds organizing a low, wide dome shaped mountain. Cinder vents are formed from the physique up of accrued tephra organizing a cone shaped mountain. Composite Volcanoes are formed when both lava and tephra erupt from a cardinal blowhole. We will write a custom essay sample on Volcanoes Essay Research Paper VolcanoesWhat is a or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The stuffs pile up in a looming cone shaped mountain ( Cashman ) . Why do Vents break out? Eruption of a vent is good to the vent s growing. The procedure starts when liquefied stone and other balls of het stuffs start their manner up to the surface due to the additions of natural gases. The magma collects in Chamberss surrounded by gases and highly high force per unit area constructing up from indoors. Finally, all the physique up of magma and other stuff is push or ejected, interrupting through the Earth s surface. Volcanic eruptions after eruptions, finally builds up the mountain cone of the vent from dust and lava flow. Different vents have different eruptions. Some eruptions are immense fiery clouds that rise high over the mountains, and glowing rivers of lava flow down its sides. In other eruptions, juicy ash and cinder shoot out the mountaintop and big balls of hot stone are blasted into the air. Volcanic eruptions are non merely limited from top, but besides occur on the ocean floor. The lava flows from little clefts from the vent s internal foundation, bit by bit constructing up the ocean floor, organizing natural communities for the environing sea life. Active eruptions of vents, non merely produce destructive lava flows, but besides pyroclastic clouds which are like avalanches of extreme heated clouds that roll down the sides of the vent destructing whatever in it s way. Besides, mudslides, and landslides are induce through volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions that occur beneath the ocean floor create Tsunamis, which spreads in all waies. The bulk of lives lost from volcanic eruptions, are chiefly from these other facets of the eruptions ( Wood ) . During the chilling phase, a vent continues to breathe acerb gases and bluess. During this stage, hot springs may originate from the vent s underside foundation. Example of this happening can be found at Yellow Stone National Park. After going wholly inactive, a vent undergoes progressive decrease in size through eroding caused by running H2O, glaciers, air current or moving ridges. Therefore, go forthing merely a volcanic pipe, a blowhole filled with lava or fragmentary stuff. Although vents have the repute of being really unsafe, there are advantages of life near a vent. Volcanoes provide resources for energy extraction, besides called geothermic resources. Heat from the Earth # 8217 ; s crust is being converted to energy. The large advantages to this type of energy are that it is really clean and the resources are about unlimited. When a vent erupts it throws out a batch of ash. At short notice this ash can be really harmful to the environment, but on the long term the ash bed, which contains many utile minerals, will be converted to a really fertile dirt. About everyplace vents are located, people use the rich dirt for agriculture. Even after an eruption people still return because of the fertile dirt around the vent. A large economical advantage of vents is that they generate touristry. A state such as Hawaii and the surrounding islands are acquiring a batch income from touristry due to the figure of vents situated around the country. In summing up, Vents are really powerful and unpredictable. Even with advanced technological instruments scientists have tried to analyze vents to avoid future catastrophes, but the capriciousness of volcanic eruptions is doing the survey really hard. Vents in general, are one of nature s many amazements, they were here since the morning of the Earth s development, making and destructing the environment around them ; moving like nature s ain recycling tool. In my sentiment, I see volcanos non as a destructive component but as an energy beginning that world can utilize to assist them egos in the close hereafter.

Statistics in Business

Importance of statistics in business Statistics is applied in a number of ways in the business sector, thus playing a significant role in business. The fact that statistics majorly entails making crucial decisions makes it quite handy in the planning function of any business (Evans, 2013). For example, when deciding on the marketing strategy of the business, statistics helps in getting the actual data that can be used to advertise the products of a business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is seen in most marketing phrases that will give actual figures on product efficiency or usage. For instance, a phrase that a specific brand of detergent removes 99% stains will definitely make the product sell. This information on efficiency is obtained through statistical analysis. In addition to this, various types of data obtained from a business can be analysed a nd interpreted to give a performance review of the business hence being able to plan and predict the future of the business. It can therefore be concluded that statistics is key in the survival and existence of a business. Difference between a population and sample The primary exercise in statistics involves data identification and collection. In data collection two types of data sets are involved, which include population and samples. A population entails all the elements of the data on study while a sample will entail a proportion of the items on study picked from the total population. This is the case because population involves a big number of elements making the study difficult hence the decision to have representatives of the population, which is the sample. A sample is easier to study and analyse thus giving results that will depict the whole population. It therefore is understood that the samples will have characteristics similar to those of the population since they have be en selected from the population. Most often than not, samples will contain fewer elements than the population. However, this depends on various factors among them the sampling method. Samples play an important role in statistics of minimizing chances of biasness since the number of elements involved in a sample is manageable. Types of charts available in excel and their characteristic data sets Microsoft Excel comprises of a variety of charts that help in data analysis as well as display. Some of the commonly used chart types include pie charts, line charts, column charts, area charts, surface charts, bar charts, stock charts and area charts just to mention a few. All the aforementioned chart types will be used in accordance to the type of data sets available.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Column charts These charts entail columns that are vertically oriented whereby the v alues are in the vertical axis while the horizontal axis contains the categories (Evans, 2013). They are applicable in data that is periodic and will change over a given time such as the sales of a product by a company or within a given region. Column charts can also be used when comparing two different types of data sets such as sales of different brand types. Bar charts The only characteristic difference that bar charts have from column charts is their horizontal orientation. In that case, the horizontal axis contains values while categories are plotted on the vertical axis. They are used when comparing characteristics between different data sets. Pie charts These will entail graphical representation in a circle/ pie of data sets out of the total sum of items involved. This is computed by getting the percentage representation of each item. These proportions when slotted in the circle, they form pie-like shapes hence the name pie charts. Line charts These show trends of particular items that have a continuous type of motion. As such, the horizontal axis will contain periods while the vertical axis contains the values. Statistical measures used for describing data dispersion To describe data sufficiently the extent of variation is required, which is given by dispersion measures. Common measures of dispersion include standard deviation, variance, and range. â€Å"The range is normally the difference in value between the largest and smallest observation of the data set† (Gravetter and Wallnau, 2000, p. 163). The standard deviation measures how far an item deviates from the mean value. â€Å"It is computed by taking the square root of sum of squared deviation from the mean divided by the number of observations† (Gravetter and Wallnau, 2000, p. 164). When the standard deviation of a data set is squared, variance is obtained which is yet another measure of dispersion. The concept of correlation and correlation coefficient In statistics, correlation de scribes the relationship between variables whereby some will show positive relation while others will not have any degree of relationship. Correlation coefficient on the other hand gives the strength of the relationship between the variables involved (Evans, 2013). It also indicates the direction of the relationship, which could be towards the positive, or negative depending on the computed values.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interpretation a. +0.3= this is can be interpreted as a positive correlation coefficient of thirty percent. Therefore, a thirty percent increase in one variable leads to a thirty percent increase in the other variable and vice versa. b. 0.0= In this case, the two variables have zero relationship, that is there is no correlation between the two variables. As such, a change in value of one variable does not affect the other variable. c. -0.95= this can be interpreted as a ninety-five percent negative correlation coefficient. This therefore means that a ninety-five percent increase in one variable will result to a similar percentage decrease of the other variable and vice versa. Reference List Evans, J. (2013). Statistics, Data Analysis, and Decision Modelling. New York: Prentice Hall. Gravetter ,F., , Wallnau, L. (2000). Statistics for the behavioural sciences. Belmont: Wadsworth – Thomson Learning. This essay on Statistics in Business was written and submitted by user Jagger Walter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

By SP essays

By SP essays Hammurabi, said to be the greatest leader of Ancient Mesopotamia, laid out a set of laws which emphasizes retribution as a form of punishment ("an eye for an eye"). It is my belief that Hammurabi was a just ruler who took into consideration all things that affected his people. The Code of Hammurabi is very similar to our laws and yet it is completely different. Hammurabis set of laws heavily relies on retaliation which has no place in the twenty- first century. But Code number 203, states that "If a free-born man strike the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay on gold mina," this reminds one of small claims court. But in a case it is different because a modern day society does not poke out the eye of an assailant, (number 196 "If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out"). It is my belief that Hammurabi was a just man but I would not choose to live under his code because of its harsh punishments. For instance, using the above example, what would happen if the eye incident was an accident? There are catch-22s and holes in the code even though it is well thought out. In conclusion, Hammurabi, said to be the greatest leader of Ancient Mesopotamia, laid out a set of laws which emphasizes retribution as a form of punishment ("an eye for an eye"). It is my belief that Hammurabi was a just ruler who took into consideration all things that affected his people. ...

English Coursework - Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

English - Questions - Coursework Example (Point #8) What’s the difference between class drilling and individual drilling? Are some language items more suitable for drilling than others? Which students might respond well to drilling and which might not? (Point #10) Would all kinds of writing practice be suitable for all kinds of students? How would the writing the writing you give to business people differs from the writing you give to school students? Is there any point in giving EAP students story-writing practice? Not all writing need to be done long – what kinds of writing would you give to people wanting to learn English for a holiday trip to England? ( Point#11) Which of the vocabulary methods do you think more useful? Why? What other strategies for teaching vocabulary are you aware? Describe each of the five points chosen. (Point 6) Listening to the radio to get the weather; listening to a television program that offers Bible study, and attending a seminar listening to information on job related material is a hearing/listening activity I do daily. Checking my emails for both academic and social communication; reading a magazine in the doctor’s office that provided information on the latest break through in treating different medical conditions; reviewing a study Power Point to work on an academic paper, are different examples of reading and listening for information I may accomplish on any given day.I think it is pretty amazing how much information we receive everyday and equally amazing how many sources it comes from. I think this Point to Consider just wants you to ‘notice’ how many different mediums of information we are exposed to everyday and understand how daunting it must be for someone learning another language to take it all in and make sense of it. (Point7 )Preparing questions for review for students having read a novel versus those prepared for students having read a short story takes into account a broader perspective. With a novel, the questions mig ht include what is the theme; what is the tone; what is the setting. Using deduction and inference applies to students reading a novel and answering questions about the reading. When students are provided questions ahead of a short reading of entertainment sections of a paper such as who, what, where, when, and why then they have an opportunity to use scanning the way native speakers use it to get specific information from smaller pieces of text. I agree. Here are some other types of questions to consider. Some of these are more applicable to one particular genre than the other. Analylitical: Tear the text apart piece by piece. Evaluating: Expressing judgment Inference: Being able to read between the lines, to understand something without having it written out. Synthesizing: Pulling the text together. Valuing: Making a choice, preferring one over the other. View Point: Who is telling the story? How would the story be different if it were told by X instead of Y? (Point 8)Both beginni ng and advanced students benefit from drilling when kept to two minute exercises that challenge answers by asking questions as part of the drill. Using drilling individually focuses on the student for answers while class drilling can involve everyone answering a question. Either way, the use of drilling is only effective when it involves having students respond to a specific inquiry rather than repeating what is said. Repeating what an instructor says is useful for beginning work one on one with a student or in having individuals repeat the

The Chinese dragon and its influence on Christianity in China Essay

The Chinese dragon and its influence on Christianity in China - Essay Example Generally, dragons have held positive connotations in culture of the Chinese since the time of the Song dynasty, in AD 960-1279. The Chinese made prayers to the dragon for rain. In Chinese culture, the dragon has been used as a symbol of imperial power; in fact, the emperor wore a dragon robe, reigned from a dragon throne and was thought to be a dragon incarnation (Yang 28-29). After several centuries, the dragon was chosen by the then Chinese Emperor Qing, to represent the Chinese nation. The dragon is apparently, today the most favourable of zodiac animals in china; the dragons perform dances often clad in red, during the Chinese New Year. Since the time that Christianity made its way into China, most Christian believers have held the view that the Biblical and the Chinese dragons are very distinct creatures and have ultimately accepted them; however, there are other shunned Chinese dragons, arguing that they are demonic, just as the biblical one. This paper shows that the dragon-Chinese dragon has become an important but yet controversial symbol in China, greatly influencing the interpretations of Christianity by Chinese people. A closer look at the dragon throughout the history of Chinese Christianity shows greater influence and a process of both enculturation and indigenization with regards to how the dragon is conceived in both traditional Chinese and Christian Chinese (Yang and An 48). The difference and or equivalence between the biblical dragon and the Chinese dragon drawn in the mid-19th century by Chinese individuals as well as by religious figure from the west that brought Christianity. The leader of the Taiping Rebellion between 1814 and 1864, Hong Xiuquan, considered himself as having being commissioned by God to slay the serpent of Revelation; the red big dragon; he also referred to the Manchu rulers as demons/serpents. This consideration of the Chinese dragon as equivalent to the biblical/Revelation’s dragon is evident in his condemnation of the popular rain dragon from the Eastern Sea, considered by the Chinese to traditionally bring rain (Michael 39).The second in command to Hong Xiuquan, Hong Ren’gan is also seen to understand the existence of the controversy concerning the dragon. He decreed that, â€Å"†¦all public notices and memorials had political significance and that the use of demon-like expression such as the dragon must not be used (Giddens and Giddens 78). Many scholars have argued that the negative connotations on the Chinese dragon during the reign of Hong Ren’gan were a clear indication of the influence that the advent of Christianity had on the Chinese culture. In fact, it-the dragon is not used anywhere in Liang Fa’s book, Good Words Admonish Age (Yang 101). In fact Hong argued that his attitude and vies of the dragon was largely influenced by Christianity. This condemnation however was not a universal one, but was more pragmatic and selective. Accordingly, he argued that the Taiping’s used precious dragon to adorn their utensils their imperial seal and vestments; this was apparently acceptable when compared to visions of heavenly golden dragons. In so doing, Hong certainly retained the imperial dragon that could his imperial authority; he discarded to dragon deity, which served as a source of devotion for the Chinese. The Taiping’s thus went ahead and propagated Hong ’s vie of dragons being devils; this resulted in subsequent transfer of individual religious affiliations between the Taipings and Christians, which offered the opportunity of diffusion of the beliefs. It is clearly, however, that Hong’

Easy Jet The Most Successful Marketing Strategies Marketing Essay

Easy Jet The Most Successful Marketing Strategies Marketing Essay EasyJet has make the most of successful marketing strategies through the a range of channels available, in order to set up and uphold a control position in the low-cost airline industry. One of the great business success stories of the past five years has been the launch of the easyJet airline company (Dixon, 2000). To make easy our analysis of this purpose, we not only researched EasyJet and its marketing operation adopted over the years, but also identified the main strategies used by the other leading competitors. EasyJet has frequently tried to identify itself to its customer base as the best form of budget travel in Europe. The company known the demand for this form of travel and its marketing strategies have been first and foremost geared around providing more efficient, low-cost flights, at the same time as maintaining as a high a quality of service as possible. RECOMMENDATIONS Easy Jet needs to concentrate on maintaining its established market leadership.Miles and Snows theory of the Four Business Strategies would suggest easy Jet should move towards being an Analyser from a Prospector. To enhancing their market power both long and short-term ,Easy Jet should look to move into newer mediums for advertising, primarily using television broadcasting. Easy jet need to keep on designing new ways advancing to other ways of its competence and mobilizing within their wide employee base. Easy Jet need to further consider and by fomenting such other dimensions of this business, will help out maintain another key element which still, other rivals fail to be familiar with. Easy jet should keep on hold Its new style of advertising which can be with the help out of its existing customers. That can make things easy for Easy Jet to get to know who are the customers that are brand loyal and can use them for their advertising by providing some special offers and discounts to them. INTRODUCTION Easy Jest airline is one of the best budget or low price airline, which offer cheap flight to an increasing number of destinations around the world. It was established in 1995. It was launched by the son of Greek Shipping tycoon Stelios Haji-loannou who came to England in 1984, with two leased Boeing 737-200 aircraft. EasyJets base in London was low-rent Luton Airport, formerly used only by charter operations. (A large part of easyJets strategy was the use of secondary airports, but not as out-of-the-way as those served by the Irish discount carrier Ryanair.) Easy Jet first linked London with Glasgow (beginning November 10, 1995) and Edinburgh (two weeks later) via two leased planes. Aberdeen was added in January 1996. Answers.com In the beginning booking was by telephone only, Stelios Haji-loannou used to hate the internet and says that The Internet is for nerds, it will never make money for my business!. From this small beginning Easy jet grew rapidly, In August 1999, the site counted for 38% of tickets sales or over 135,000 seats. Stelios Haji-loannou was suggested by Russell Sheffield of Tableau one of the Easy jets design and adverting agencies in December 1997, that he should consider carrying out tests a website for direct bookings. On the other hand East jets marketing director and business manager; they saw the probable and approved a website specific phone number advertised on the site can be used to trace the volume of users on the site. Haji-loannous saw the results and change his mind, and Easy Jet commissioned Tableau as partners to develop as e-commerce website capable of offering real time online booking from April 1998. In 1998 Haji-loannou invested a total of $90 million in the company, which had ordered a dozen new Boeing 737s worth  £500 million. Online booking were handled by Tableau. Over 75% of its sales are sold directly though the website. The results have been quick and sustainable growth in the face of firm competition from the big companies. It has broken the mould assumed for low-cost airlines, operation a modern and expanding fleet intensively on competitive routes. Easy Jet strategies are bold and adventurous rather than risky. The Company takes few real risks, as it applies sound business principles at the same time as carefully exploring the market. SITUATION ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is a tool for inspecting an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps out marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths: characteristics of the business or team that give it an advantage over others in the industry. Weaknesses: are characteristics that place the firm at a disadvantage relative to others. Opportunities: external chances to make greater sales or profits in the environment. Threats: external elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. Its o goal is to identify the project its internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that goal. SWOT analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model. Strategic planning has been the subject of much research. It is specific helpful in identifying area for development. SWOT analysis of Easy Jet Strengths The corporate culture at Easy Jet is that of informality and adaptability. The company favors a flat hierarchy whereby the management work closely with those below them in the chain of command. Employees are given responsibility to make decisions themselves. This empowerment is not only eliminates wasteful layers, ensures any situation is dealt with as quickly base possible but is also thought to increase employee motivation. WriteWork.com Essays and writing guides for students n.d Strength Financial growth was solid in Easy Jet, In 2005 Profit was improved by 9.1% over the previous years and the total amount before tax was  £67.6. Number of passenger increased by 21.4% to 29.6% million and revenue raised per sear by 78 pence to  £38.66. The brand name is strong It built its name on the back of the founder Mr. Stelios Haji-Loannou. It bright orange airlines and online booking system which lead to the strap line, The Company has become media friendly and identical with low cost travel. Easy Jet airlines strategy paying attention Focus on our customers, Own our markets and Reduce costs, which has remained strong. Easy Jet presents an online promotion alert which is e-mailed to existing customers and contact on the companys database. Easy Jet runs a fast and competent service with an average turnaround time of 30 minutes or below. This makes possible for them to preserve a reliable and hassle free service to their passengers. Weakness Domestic air travel is a tremendously competitive industry with Easy Jets main competitors being Jet2, BMI Baby, Ryan Air plus a host of smaller independent competitors. These external competitive forces can confine and shape pricing policy on some of Easy Jets less profitable routes as they search for to compete with their competitors. The other important thing which Easy Jet can be its weakness is that they do not offer the service of free food on longer flights of more than two hours. Opportunities Possible opening of options routes to main cities in Europe. A key route could be from Dublin to the UK, as this has a large potential for travelers going to soccer matches in the UK and new links into corporate flyers to and from the UK. Updated versions of the fly on the wall documentaries would provide the brand with more coverage and publicity. Offering of free refreshments and food on flights with a travel time more than two hours, this would offer an extra advantage and comfort to passengers making their experience with Easy Jet all the more comfortable and enjoyable. Threat Pricing is very threat to Easy Jet Company because competitors flying the same routes compete very competitively on price forcing pressure on margin on more popular flights and time slots. Economic slump may lead to reduce in casual flyers and corporate travel as companies seek to limit what they see as unnecessary expenses and in turn make less business trips. Outside market forces can have a major impact on Easy Jets business, Example; the rising cost of oil can have a major impact on running costs putting major pressure on the profitability of less popular routes and time slots. PEST analysis is very important that an organization considers its environment before beginning the marketing process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. The organizations marketing environment is made up from PEST analysis, the acronym PEST stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological it is used to describe a framework for the analysis of the micro environmental factors Political factors are how and to what level a government interfere in the economy. Particularly, political factors take in areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided advantages and those that the government does not want to be provided disadvantages. In addition, governments have vast influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors on Easy Jet include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have main collision on how businesses function and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Movements in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an aging population may entail a smaller and less-willing workforce , thus increasing the cost of labor. In addition, Easy Jet Company may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends. Technological factors include technological aspects such as, automation, technology motivation and the rate of technological change. They can decide obstruction to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Additionally, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental factors include ecological and environmental aspects such as weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially have an effect on industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Additionally, growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer, both creating new markets and moving back or destroying existing ones. Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. Segmental analysis: The geographical analysis of turnover is as follows: Area 2001 2000 Within United Kingdom 86,545 73,008 Between United Kingdom rest of Europe 244,764 177,141 Within rest of Europe 25,550 13,545 Financial analysis: eMARKETING STRATEGY A strategy is long term plan of action aimed at achieving a particular result. Plans pass on to the instantaneous actions taken to implement a strategy. Strategy also can be defined as the first step to implement in the planning. eMarketing is the procedure of marketing a brand using the Internet. Whether the business is purely an online entity or a traditional business taking its first cautious steps into the digital realm, the marketers team will guide in formulating the most suitable Internet marketing strategy to accomplish the business objectives. Importance of developing an effective e-marketing strategy is indicated by Michael Porter (2001) who has said: The key question is not whether to deploy Internet technology companies have no choice if they want to stay competitive but how to deploy it. Strategy Competitive strategy is at the heart of the field of strategic management.Easy Jet ran its first Internet only promotion in a newspaper in The Times in February 1999, with remarkable results. Easy Jets early marketing strategy was based on making flying as affordable as a pair of jeans and urged travelers to cut out the travel agent. Its early promotion consisted of little more than the airlines telephone booking number painted in bright orange on the side of its aircraft. The scalability of the Internet help out deal with demand since everyone was directed to the web site rather than the company needing to employ an extra 250 telephone operators. Though, risk management did occur with a micro site built for Times readers (www.times.easyjet.com) to keep away from putting a damage on easy Jets main site. Flight promotions are intended to avoid attracting people who had fly with Easy Jet, so advance booking schemes are proposed to attain that. Book in advance for cheap seats The basic principle is that the cheapest seats are sold first, but the approaches to give way management do differ between the airlines. Easy Jet almost completely first-come, first-served, with few special offers or sales. Figure. 1 Showing Booking in Advance Thirty Percent of seats were sold online, with the rest of transaction being completed by phone, 13,000 orders were taken over the Internet in the first day alone with over 15,000 people on the site at one point. This plan made Easy Jet make more profit, five week later after the promotion Easy jet. Promotion offered cheap flights to a choice of all Easy jet destinations when 18 tokens were collected. Seats were sold during the promotion and Easy Jet got more than  £2m. Stelios Haji-loannou uses the website as a PR tool, he uses its nearness to keep newspapers informed about new promotions and offers by phoning and e-mailing journalists and pass on them to the website rather than faxing. The website was used as an aggressive tool in what is very competitive marketplace The essential components to re-think to Stelios Haji-loannou traditional views of marketing to face up the new challenges he face. The model acts as a checklist that advises us to confront the need for:- VALUE STRATEGY A logical and customer focused offer of better value to each of his customers in the terms that matter to them. MARKET STRATEGY A clear balanced strategic pathway to market that take advantage of learning and intellect capabilities to make better market choices, clarify value propositions, and to identify the relationship network to be managed in the process of going to market. INTERNET STRATEGY Developing and Integrating the potential of the Web in changing buyer and sellers relationships, offering multiple channel capabilities and developing new business models. PROCESS STRATEGY Designing and managing clear and focused process of decisions making in creating and delivering of value to customers CHANGE STRATEGY A reliable and effective approach to making things happen in the Easy Jet Company, to deliver maintainable competitive advantage and better-quality performance through the flawless delivery of value to customers Easy Jet protect its strategy, pointing out that all decisions have been made by the full board with agreement, where necessary, from shareholders. The agreement should keep growth at 7.5% this will enable Easy Jet to boost its share of the European short-haul market from the current 7% to around 10%.The board of EasyJet is also committed to ensuring that the company achieves a proper financial return on its capital and therefore has set a target of 15% return on equity. An Important strategic implication for Easy Jet is that while its current pricing strategy is optimal given its size, it would not be optimal for airline to offer such low initial prices were it to add substantial capacity to any given route. This would be the challenge for a firm that has built up expectations among customers as as airline with a great value proposition for those willing to buy early. Value Proposition The Value proposition cencept is an integral part of the business model tool that hold a set of elements and their relationships and allows expressing the business logic of a specific firm. It can be understood as the statements of benefits that are delivered by the solid to its external population. In spite of opposing opinions concerning what factors make firms successful, differentiation and focus are two normally accepted principles that bring about effective strategies and many strategy frameworks. The mixture of benefits offered to customers. Easy Jet operates very cheaply which enables them to offer customers convenience, reliability and great service. It propose cheap flights to convenient European destinations and also gives other related services. Easy Jet apply a direct services business model. The model reaches buyers and sellers directly thereby squeezing the distribution channel and improving efficiency. The reduced expenditure allows Easy Jet to offers a cluster of benefits to customers. Easy Jets value proposition can be summarized by value for money, convenience and excellent customer service. The basic assumption is that every business transaction can be broken down to five major value attributes:- PRICE Cost of goods and services PRODUCT Goods and services purchased ACCESS How consumers obtain goods SERVICES How consumers feel about the suppliers as a result of commercial transaction. EXPERIENCE How consumers feel about themselves as a result of goods and services. Easy jet Value proposition has has been to offer cheap, punctual, safe, no trappings method of travel to people who generally paid out of their own pockets. By remaining a low cost carrieer, customer belief were minimal and as a result brand new planes with the best pilots and punctual flights was clearly successfull in satisfaction the customer, as proof but the high number of repeat fliers. Easy Jets competitive advantage is largely sustainable due to its fast speed of growth and its offer to quickly achieve the benefits of operating at the most favourable scale for greater profitability. Implementation Creating new core and extendd value for customers The capability to bring interactivity and more detailed information through the internet are key to enhacing the extended product offering online. Product selection tools can help match product to customer. The Internet also gives great opportunities to get closer to the customer. The modest feedback button can offer a revelation amount of information. Better still, by analysing consumer e-mail queries from the Internet and other channels, companies can offer best product information.Easy Jet has a detailed sed of frequently asked questions that are compiled from analysis of the hundreds of thousands of questions received online.Improvement of a clear customer value proposition is now an essential part of customer centric marketing, customer relationship management and branding. Easy jet planned to implement the project internally, but the decided that they need a strategic implementation partner with experience of the target solution technology stack. Balancing online and offline promotion methods Easy jet have the promotion method, it is its first internet only promotion in a newspaper in The Times. The use of online and offline promotion. Online promotion method such as search engine registration and banner advertising often take prominence when discussing methods of traffic building, offline promotion using deferent communications tools such as advertising and PR delivery by traditional media such as TV, Radio and Print on order to deliver visitors to an online presence. The passengers online experience strengthens confidence in the booking process. A five step move towards is taken, allowing the passenger to exit at any time. The booking form remembers essential passenger information, so irritating towards the inside of basic details is not necessary if passengers want to try-out with dates and times. Once a passenger has booked their ticket for the first time, they can directly influence the ticket price, and choices are offered to them that are not available elsewhere. As a result, there seems little doubt that easy Jets customers enjoy their online experience, so ensuring that they come back regularly and often. Implementation Impact of strategy having upon the performance of the business The website was designed in such a way that it was easier for the customers to navigate and very simple design. Their new idea in the site design was introducing the games such as BAs losses and Battle with Swissair. These created a curious in the customers to checkup with the site. Also the winners were given prizes in the form of free air tickets, thus increasing the sales by involving the customers themselves. The most important strategy was to make everything easier for their customers. Easy prefix had been added where, easyEverything means, the separate internet cafe which allowed the customers to browse free though the Easy jet site. Some of the strategies which still followed by the easy jet make the customer remember of their service and name of easy jet even in offline, that is even at the street. The major value produced by this site was that it is well integrated within the business itself. That is the changes or any new destinations, everything were immediately updated in the website, once they were fed into the information system of the company. As soon as they have implemented the new system of marketing technique, that is through the internet, their sales rise significantly. This new marketing system facilitate them to lessen the running costs, which is very important to any company. Since their costs were reduced, they were able to offer their customers a discount of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1. Easy Jet company it is also easier for them to determine how much tickets got booked with the help of their website. This was possible with the help of the special telephone number on the site. It was in fact, their six months target was reached just in six weeks. Also, one great benefit they found out with the help of the easy Jets website was, almost everyone who called booked their tickets, opposite to the phone line where only one caller out of the six callers booked their ticket. Easy Jets website sales was rising, at one point they reached the level such that two-fifths of the business was generated through the website. Then they took this task to in house maintenance itself rather than outsourcing as a result the cost was reduced further. Newspaper was their first major promotion of their site was. Mainly they used The Times. This brought a very remarkable result. Where on the first day itself 20,000 tickets were sold out. As a result they used the offline advertising to promote their online ticket bookings. Legal and ethical issues When using the Internet and E-Commerce it is important to remember that there are many legal and ethical issues to be considered. Legal Issues When starting a business on the Web, there are significant legal issue to consider. Making evaluation about legal matter is about how comfortable you are with risk. If you make huge revenue with a high risk business, you could come to a decision that the money is worth the risk, or you might prefer to do it for a short period of time, collect your money and get out. This is just because there is risk does mean that it is not a good business for you. Everything in life has risks and your business is no exception. Consideration for legal and ethical matter with regard to the gathering, processing, distributing and use of information on the internet is now becoming very important. As the technology raise the relationship between the society and politics also increases. Ethical and legal decisions are therefore becoming very important to balance the needs and rights of everyone. Legal issue than can be considered are:- Where things really happen ? How should the transaction be authenticated ? How to determine the minors when making e-transaction ? Who are behind the screen ? Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace ? How can we solve the jurisdiction problem in dispute settlement ? Which Legal System will apply ? Do we have Cyber laws that protect on-line consumer ? Legal issues can be as follows:- Copyright Violation Watch out for this particular crime of sites that copy your website text legal issues or name while trying to pledge off some other item they are selling. It is provided for both the published and unpublished works. It is important when obtaining content for the Easy Jet site and in the protection of the sites content. The owner of a copyright can have the exclusive right:- To copy the work To modify the work To distribute the work To perform the work publicity To display the work publicity Trade mark It is the ownership of intellectual properties that identifies goods or services. In internet trademark is mainly used in naming the domains. A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs, which identifies and distinguishes the source of particular goods. A service mark is the same as a trademark, except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than a product. Ethical Issues E-commerce businesses which are entering in the world will be facing a new set of ethical challenges. It is easy for businesses to become sidetracked in the technical challenges of operating in this way and to pay little attention to the ethical implications. Ethical Issues can be as follows:- Advertising And Keywords Scams Unethical spyware/adware companies are promoting themselves as: get to the top of Google, Yahoo, and MSN search guaranteed for your keywords. These companies are using the term Search Engine Data Merging. Spyware and adware is installed on some users computers then they sell keywords to professionals for thousands of dollars a year. This is a huge money making scam. Identity Theft Internet Fraud Identity theft is a main problem of which have been there for long time in many situation. Be cautious, that this issue is related to online B2C ethical business issues and legal issues. Domain Name Registration Issues and Scams Domain name registration is another area online where ethics have been thrown out. Without doubt there are some gray areas for someone to be registering a domain name that is close to some other corporate identitys name. Other than that, many of these individuals and corporations that register domain names in the same country and other countries that are near to, or similar to the spellings of others, are registering the names to violate upon the trademarks and brands of other corporations and organizations. CONCLUSION The main objective of this document is to know what are the strategies followed by the Easy jet to achieve the top position in the low cost carrier in Europe. One of the great business success stories of the past five years has been the launch of the easy Jet airline company (Dixon, 2000). Easy jet has been able to be successful in this industry due to its ground-breaking. And in order to remain in this position in the following years also it has to be more and more inventive. Because in this modern world the competition is becoming heavier and heavier. This is the world of survival of the fittest. Easy Jet has continuously tried to identify itself to its consumer base as the best form of budget travel in Europe. The company known as the demand for this form of travel and its marketing strategies have been first and foremost geared around providing more efficient, low-cost flights, at the same time as maintaining as a high a quality of service as possible. Through their clear, effective website, they have strived to make it increasingly easy for customers to deal with the company, whereas strategically positioning their advertising to be directed at the market served. Policies for expansion have been the driving force behind easy Jets important growth and have enabled them to get rid of key competitor from the industry. Nevertheless, with the emergence of new, strong competitors in the industry and the increasing demand for low-cost travel, it is evident that easy Jet must remain inventive in its marketing and assign enough resources to make safe a long-term position as the market leader.